{"id":22172,"date":"2024-01-31T09:44:26","date_gmt":"2024-01-31T08:44:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/?p=22172"},"modified":"2024-04-23T16:50:19","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T14:50:19","slug":"en-route-to-the-secret-of-the-construction-of-the-gizeh-pyramids-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/en\/comment-notre-avenir-sera-t-il-faconne-par-le-changement-climatique-global\/","title":{"rendered":"How will our future be shaped by global climate change?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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With the aim of gaining a better understanding of our future, an international collaboration involving researchers from the Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement en G\u00e9osciences de l'Environnement (AMU\/CNRS\/IRD\/INRAE\/Coll\u00e8ge de France) is exploring ancient warm periods in the Earth's history. In their study, published on 29 January in the journal Nature Geoscience, they show that an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere 56 million years ago led to a sudden change in rainfall and vegetation in Central Asia.<\/i><\/p>

Today, vast treeless steppes characterise the landscape of Central Asia. The rare rainfall that reaches the interior of Asia is mainly due to the monsoon in summer or to mid-latitude westerlies in winter and spring. These steppes are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature and precipitation, with all the consequences that this implies for their inhabitants, such as the Saiga antelope or Przewalski's horse, an endangered species\u201d, explains Dr Niels Meijer, before adding: \u201cOne of the major uncertainties of global climate change is how the Asian monsoon and the Central Asian regions that depend on it will react to future climate change.\u201d<\/p>

As part of an international research team that has been working in the region for more than twenty years, Niels Meijer recently focused on the warm period of the early Palaeogene, where he identified a hyperthermal event of extreme warming precisely dated to 56 million years ago.<\/p>

In order to reconstruct the precipitation patterns of this period, the researchers combined their expertise to develop an innovative multi-proxy approach in which they combined fossil pollen and spores with geochemical data from fossil soils. \u201cDuring the hyperthermal event we studied, precipitation temporarily doubled due to higher temperatures and the regional steppe was replaced by a forested landscape,\u201d explains Meijer, describing the results and adding, \u201cBut most importantly, we were able to use geochemical data to show that the soils dried out in winter, meaning that, contrary to expectations, most of the precipitation fell during the summer period - which is comparable to the modern monsoon.\u201d<\/p>

Scientists associate this hyperthermal event with the \u201cPaleocene\/Eocene temperature maximum\u201d, a phase of global warming associated with a considerable increase in greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere and oceans. During this period, the global temperature rose by an average of six degrees Celsius in the space of a few thousand years. Their research shows that in Asia this event was accompanied by exceptionally wet conditions and an inland expansion of precipitation, which they have called a proto-monsoon.<\/p>

\u201cThe abrupt greening of the Central Asian steppe desert as a result of the monsoon climate probably also allowed the spread of new mammal species and may also have played a role in feedbacks in the global carbon cycle\u201d, Meijer sums up before concluding: \u201cOur work shows an abrupt and non-linear response of the Asian monsoons to extreme greenhouse conditions. Although the seas and mountains of Asia 56 million years ago were very different from those of today, these data highlight the possibility of abrupt changes in precipitation and ecosystems in Central Asia under future global warming. Current warming is imposing extreme temperatures and increased drought on the Central Asian steppe and its fragile flora and fauna, which are already under threat from anthropogenic land use. Even more dramatic abrupt changes are expected if temperatures continue to rise\u201d.<\/p>

29.01.2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Publications<\/strong><\/p>\n

Extreme Eocene warmth drove proto-monsoons and desert greening far into the Asian interior<\/p>\n

Niels Meijer1<\/sup>Alexis Licht2<\/sup>Amber Woutersen3<\/sup>Carina Hoorn3<\/sup>Faez Robin-Champigneul4<\/sup>Alexander Rohrmann5<\/sup>Mattia Tagliavento6<\/sup>Julia Brugger1<\/sup>Fanni D. Kelemen7<\/sup>Andrew Schauer8<\/sup>Micheal Hren9<\/sup>Aijun Sun10-12<\/sup>Jens Fiebig6<\/sup>Andreas Mulch1,6<\/sup>Guillaume Dupont-Nivet13,14<\/sup><\/p>\n

https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41561-023-01371-4<\/a><\/p>\n

1) Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.<\/p>\n

2) CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France.<\/p>\n

3) Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (ELD), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.<\/p>\n

4) Maastricht University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht Science Programme, Maastricht, the Netherlands.<\/p>\n

5) Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany<\/p>\n

6) Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Geosciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.<\/p>\n

7) Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.<\/p>\n

8) Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.<\/p>\n

9) Department of Earth Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA<\/p>\n

10) Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.<\/p>\n

11) Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment<\/p>\n

and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.<\/p>\n

12) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.<\/p>\n

13) Geosciences Rennes-UMR CNRS 6118, Univ Rennes, CNRS, Rennes, France.<\/p>\n

14) GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The climate in Central Asia is still occasionally affected by monsoons in summer. Photo: Meijer\/Senckenberg<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sampling near Xining, western China. Photo: Dupont-Nivet\/CNRS Rennes<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Two fossil pollen grains. On the left, Ephedra, typical of the shrubs of the Central Asian steppes during the Palaeogene period. On the right, Juglandaceae, an ancestral taxon of walnut trees that spread across Central Asia during the hyperthermal period 56 million years ago. Photo: Hanna van den Hil and Julia Gravendyck.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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For more information<\/strong>
. Nature Geoscience<\/a>, 29\/01\/2024
. CNRS Earth and Universe<\/a>, 01\/02\/2024
. Infuse<\/a>, 02\/02\/2024<\/p>

Contacts<\/strong><\/p>

Niels Meijer, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center
niels.meijer@senckenberg.de<\/a><\/p>

Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, G\u00e9osciences Rennes-CNRS
Guillaume.dupont-nivet@univ-rennes1.fr<\/a>
www.paleoenvironment.eu<\/a><\/p>

Alexis Licht, CEREGE-CNRS
Licht@cerege.fr<\/a><\/p>

Carina Hoorn, IBED- University of Amsterdam
M.C.Hoorn@uva.nl<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans le but de mieux appr\u00e9hender notre futur, une collaboration internationale, \u00e0 laquelle ont particip\u00e9 des chercheurs du Centre de Recherche et d’Enseignement en G\u00e9osciences de l’Environnement (AMU\/CNRS\/IRD\/INRAE\/Coll\u00e8ge de France), […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":551,"featured_media":22196,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archive"],"acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-06-01 19:12:22","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/551"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22172"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22304,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22172\/revisions\/22304"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22196"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}