{"id":21580,"date":"2023-11-15T14:24:50","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T13:24:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/?p=21580"},"modified":"2024-02-20T15:45:59","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T14:45:59","slug":"louverture-de-la-vegetation-dans-les-paysages-europeens-avant-lhomo-sapiens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/louverture-de-la-vegetation-dans-les-paysages-europeens-avant-lhomo-sapiens\/","title":{"rendered":"L&#8217;ouverture de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation dans les paysages europ\u00e9ens avant l&#8217;Homo Sapiens"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21580\" class=\"elementor elementor-21580\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f0d9e20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f0d9e20\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3250772\" data-id=\"3250772\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfda107 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfda107\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Avant l&#8217;arriv\u00e9e de l&#8217;Homo sapiens, le biome de la for\u00eat temp\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e9tait caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une importante v\u00e9g\u00e9tation claire et ouverte.<\/em><\/p><p>L&#8217;\u00e9tendue de l&#8217;ouverture de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation dans les paysages europ\u00e9ens du pass\u00e9 est largement d\u00e9battue. En particulier, le biome de la for\u00eat temp\u00e9r\u00e9e a traditionnellement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9fini comme une for\u00eat dense \u00e0 couvert ferm\u00e9. Cependant, certains soutiennent que les grands herbivores ont maintenu une plus grande ouverture, voire des conditions de p\u00e2turage bois\u00e9.<\/p><p>Nous abordons ici cette question pour la derni\u00e8re p\u00e9riode interglaciaire (entre 129 000 et 116 000 ans), avant le d\u00e9clin de la m\u00e9gafaune li\u00e9 \u00e0 <em>Homo sapiens<\/em> et la transformation anthropique du paysage. Nous avons appliqu\u00e9 la m\u00e9thode de reconstruction de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation REVEALS \u00e0 96 s\u00e9ries polliniques du dernier interglaciaire.<\/p><p>Nous avons constat\u00e9 que les for\u00eats claires et la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation ouverte repr\u00e9sentaient, en moyenne, plus de 50 % de la couverture pendant cette p\u00e9riode.<\/p><p>Le degr\u00e9 d&#8217;ouverture est tr\u00e8s variable et n&#8217;est que partiellement li\u00e9 aux facteurs climatiques, ce qui indique l&#8217;importance des r\u00e9gimes de perturbations naturelles.<\/p><p>Nos r\u00e9sultats montrent que le biome forestier temp\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e9tait historiquement h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne plut\u00f4t qu&#8217;uniform\u00e9ment dense, ce qui est coh\u00e9rent avec la d\u00e9pendance d&#8217;une grande partie de la biodiversit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne actuelle la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation ouverte et des for\u00eats claires.<\/p><p>Elena A. Pearce1,2*, Florence Mazier3, Signe Normand1,2,4,5, Ralph Fyfe6, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/cerege\/valerie-andrieu\/\">Val\u00e9rie Andrieu<\/a>7<\/strong>, Corrie Bakels8, Zofia Balwierz9, Krzysztof Bi\u0144ka10, Steve Boreham11, Olga K. Borisova12,Anna Brostrom13,14, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu15, Cunhai Gao16, Pen\u00e9lope Gonz\u00e1lez-Samp\u00e9riz17,Wojciech Granoszewski18, Anna Hrynowiecka19, Piotr Ko\u0142aczek20, Petr Kune\u016121, Donatella Magri22,Ma\u0142gorzata Malkiewicz23, Tim Mighall24, Alice M. Milner25, Per M\u00f6ller13, Ma\u0142gorzata Nita26,Bo\u017cena Nory\u015bkiewicz27, Irena Agnieszka Pidek28, Maurice Reille15, Ann-Marie Robertsson29,J. Sakari Salonen30, Patrick Schl\u00e4fli31, Jeroen Schokker32,33, Paolo Scussolini34, Vaida \u0160eirien\u011735,Jaqueline Strahl36, Brigitte Urban37, Hanna Winter38, Jens-Christian Svenning1,2,4<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/sciadv.adi9135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Publication Science<\/a>, 15 nov. 2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61df7bb\" data-id=\"61df7bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4abd561 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4abd561\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Sc.-Adv_publi-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21588\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Sc.-Adv_publi-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Sc.-Adv_publi-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Sc.-Adv_publi-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Sc.-Adv_publi-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Sc.-Adv_publi-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Sc.-Adv_publi-1320x990.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Sc.-Adv_publi.jpg 1890w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fe3b07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5fe3b07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"778\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vegetation_Europe_avant_Sapiens_Andrieu.mp3\">L&#8217;Europe n&#8217;\u00e9tait pas enti\u00e8rement couverte de for\u00eats avant l&#8217;arriv\u00e9e de Sapiens<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":true,\"images\":true,\"artists\":true,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vegetation_Europe_avant_Sapiens_Andrieu.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"L'Europe n'\\u00e9tait pas enti\\u00e8rement couverte de for\\u00eats avant l'arriv\\u00e9e de Sapiens\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\u003Ci\\u003EL'Europe n'\\u00e9tait pas enti\\u00e8rement couverte de for\\u00eats avant l'arriv\\u00e9e de Sapiens\\u003C\/i\\u003E tir\\u00e9 de \\u003Ci\\u003ELes Savanturiers\\u003C\/i\\u003E par Daniel FIEVET. Date de sortie\\u00a0: 2023. Genre\\u00a0: Podcast.\",\"meta\":{\"artist\":\"Daniel FIEVET\",\"album\":\"Les Savanturiers\",\"genre\":\"Podcast\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"length_formatted\":\"3:49\"},\"image\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vegetation_Europe_avant_Sapiens_Andrieu-mp3-image.jpg\",\"width\":400,\"height\":400},\"thumb\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Vegetation_Europe_avant_Sapiens_Andrieu-mp3-image-150x150.jpg\",\"width\":150,\"height\":150}}]}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\t<\/p><h2 class=\"qg-st2 \">Avant l\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019Homo sapiens en Europe, les paysages \u00e9taient diff\u00e9rents de ce que l\u2019on croyait<\/h2><p class=\"PopSlotParagraph qg-tx2 qg-xtra-lh svelte-1xznlfb\">Pour en savoir plus\u00a0: L&#8217;\u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans la revue\u00a0<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adi9135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-testid=\"link\">Science Advances<\/a>\u00a0et un article sur le site de\u00a0<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/nat.au.dk\/en\/about-the-faculty\/news\/show\/artikel\/europe-was-not-covered-by-dense-forest-before-the-arrival-of-modern-humans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-testid=\"link\">l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 de Aarhus<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ae06675 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ae06675\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-55bc987\" data-id=\"55bc987\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avant l&#8217;arriv\u00e9e de l&#8217;Homo sapiens, le biome de la for\u00eat temp\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e9tait caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une importante v\u00e9g\u00e9tation claire et ouverte. L&#8217;\u00e9tendue de l&#8217;ouverture de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation dans les paysages europ\u00e9ens [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":551,"featured_media":21588,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archive"],"acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-05-12 21:19:13","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/551"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21580"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21699,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21580\/revisions\/21699"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}